0～3岁不同养育方式对初中生行为和情绪的影响

Emotional and behavioral problems of adolescents reared by their grandparents from infancy to the toddler stage

目的比较0～3岁时分别采用隔代养育、亲子养育的初中生的行为、情绪是否存在差异。方法采用一般情况问卷（自拟）、青少年自评量表（YSR）、青少年生活事件自评量表（ASLEC）对某初中66名0～3岁时隔代养育初中生（研究组）和67名0～3岁时亲子养育的初中生（对照组）进行测评。结果隔代养育经历初中生YSR量表的不适体诉、社交、思维、违纪行为、攻击行为、外向性分量表得分以及YSR量表总分同对照组相比差异具有统计学意义：不适体诉[（2．93±2．83）分，（2．00±2．35）分，t=2．08，P〈0．05]；社交问题[（3．56±2．20）分，（2．42±1．99）分，t=3．15，P〈0．01]；思维问题[（3．29±3．26）分，（2．16±2．29）分，t=2．30，P〈0．05]；违纪行为[（2．77±2．33）分，（2．01±1．60）分，t=2．19，P〈0．05]；攻击行为[（7．89±6．32）分，（5．96±4．66）分，t=2．01，P〈0．05]；外向性[（10．67±8．07）分，（7．97±5．61）分，t=2．19，P〈0．05]；YSR总分[（42．64±22．76）分，（33．61±19．25）分，t=2．47，P〈0．05]。在控制了生活事件量表总分的混杂因素的影响后协方差统计分析的结果显示，隔代养育经历初中生只在YSR量表的社交问题分量表得分同对照组相比差异具有统计学意义[3．454分，2．523分，F=7．351，P〈0．01]。结论初中生的行为、情绪可能受多方面因素的影响；婴幼儿期的隔代养育经历对初中生的社交方面存在着影响；隔代养育时祖辈对被养育儿社交能力的培养可能需要加强。

Objective To evaluate whether the junior high school students reared by their grandparents in 0 -3 years old have more emotional and behavioral problems than their counterparts who reared by birth parents since birth. Methods This study was carried out to compare emotional and behavioral outcomes, using Youth Self-Report（YSR） between junior high school students reared by their grandparents in 0 - 3 years old and junior high school students reared by birth parents since their birth. Results Two-sample test showed that the study group had significantly higher raw scores of the YSR sub-scale of somatic complaint [ （ 2.93 ± 2.83 ） vs （ 2.00 ± 2.35）,t=2.08,P〈0.053,socialproblems[（3.56±2.20） vs （2.42±1.99）, t=3. 15, P〈0.01],thought problems[ （3.29 ±3.26） vs （2.16±2.29）, t=2.30, P〈0.05],delinquency [（2.77±2.33） vs2.01 ± 1.60）, t = 2.19, P 〈 0.05 ] , aggression [ （ 7.89 ± 6.32 ） vs 5..96 ± 4.66 ）, t = 2.01, P 〈 0.05 ], externalizing problems [（10.67 ±8.07） vs （7.97 ±5.61）, t=2.19, P〈0.05]and total problems [（42.64 ±22.76） vs （33.61 ± 19.25）, t = 2.47, P 〈0.05 ] than the comparison group. Analysis of covariance （ANCOVA） was used to control the effects of live events stress. The following analyses showed that the two groups showed no significant difference except for social problems （P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Many factors that affect mental health of the junior high school students. There is a significant differences in the social problems between the junior high school students reared by grandparents from infancy to the toddler stage and their counterparts. The grandparents should pay more attention to help their grandchildren developing social skills in their babyhood.