职业女性工作压力-生活压力对健康状况的影响

Impact of work and family stress on health functioning in working women

目的通过哥本哈根社会心理问卷和生活压力量表研究工作压力和生活压力对中国城市职业女性健康状况的影响。方法抽取某市1045名女性职工进行横断面调查，运用协方差分析和多元线性回归分别研究工作、生活压力的单独及联合作用对职业女性身心健康的影响。结果高工作压力女性身心健康得分比低工作压力人群显著降低，其中生理健康的校正均数按照工作压力由低到高依次为52．46，51．10，49．81和48．99，心理健康的校正均数按照工作压力由低到高依次为52．84，50．59，49．69和47．82；类似差异也出现在高、低生活压力人群间，其中生理健康的校正均数按照生活压力由低到高依次为51．21，51．12，50．17和48．20，心理健康的校正均数按照生活压力由低到高依次为51．39，50．58，49．63和47．32（P〈0．01）。此外，工作-生活压力联合作用的不同状态与女性不良的健康结局有关，按照工作／生活压力由低到高其与生理健康的均值差分别为-2．03，-2．49，-3．84，其与心理健康的均值差分别为-1．41，-2．46，-5．16（P〈o．01），并可见一定的剂量-反应关系。结论工作压力和生活压力对城市职业女性身心健康均造成不利影响，承受双重压力的女性尤其明显。

Objective To examine the association between work stress, family stress and health functioning in urban working women. Methods A cross sectional survey was conducted in a sample of 1045 female subjects chosen randomly from the central areas in one city. The analysis of covariance was applied to compare the scores of health functioning by different levels of work stress and family stress, respectively. The multivariate general linear regression was used to investigate the association between the combined effect of work and family-related stress and health functioning. Results It was found that the scores of health functioning in high work-family stress group were lower significantly than those in low work-family stress group respectively （P 〈 0.01 ）. The results of the multivariate general linear regression analysis showed all scores of health functioning were associated negatively with the combination of high work and family stress （P 〈 0.01 ）. Dose-response relationships could be observed. Conclusion The psychosocial stress from work and family had adverse effects on health functioning in urban female working population and the strongest effect can be found in those women who were exposed to doublestress.