老年人和大学生自我效能感与应付方式的差异

The comparation of serf-efficacy and coping styles between older adults and undergraduates

目的探讨自我效能感和应付方式的年龄差异以及两者之间的特征。方法以48名老年人和49名在校大学生为被试，进行背景信息问卷、应付方式问卷、一般自我效能感问卷施测。结果（1）在控制了教育水平差异之后，老年人自我效能感得分[（43．47±11．49）分]高于大学生[（40．82±7．88）分]差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）；在应付方式上，解决问题和自责2个维度存在显著年龄差异（P〈0．05）。（2）自我效能感和应付方式部分维度有显著相关（P〈0．05），且老年人和大学生的相关模式不同。（3）在应付方式上，大学生的自我效能感高分组和低分组差异有显著性（P〈0．05），老年人则没有。结论老年人和大学生的自我效能感、应付方式以及两者之间的关系模式皆存在显著年龄差异。

Objective To investigate the age effect on self-efficacy, coping styles, and their relationship. Methods 48 older adults and 49 undergraduates were investigated, using the background questionnaire, Coping Style Scale, and the Chinese version of General Self-Efficacy Scale （GSES）. Results （1） The mean scores of GSES of older adults （43.47 ± 11.49） were significantly higher than undergraduates （40.82 ± 7.88 ） （P 〈 0.05 ）. Solving problem and self-accusation of coping styles were significantly different between the two groups（P〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05 ）. （ 2 ） Self-efficacy was significantly related to some dimensions of coping styles （P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05 ） and the correlation patterns between self-efficacy and coping styles among older adults were different to that among undergraduates. （3） Among undergraduates, the group with higher self-efficacy was significantly different to the group with lower self-efficacy in terms of coping styles （P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The self-efficacy, coping styles and their correlation pattern of older adults are significantly different to these of undergraduates.