旅游增权理论本土化研究——云南迪庆案例

Localization of Empowerment Theory in China's Tourism Development:A Case Study of Diqing in Yunnan Province

增权是促进旅游发展公平性和可持续性的有效途径。本文通过对云南省迪庆州政府、开发商与当地居民在旅游发展中的权力关系状态的实地调查,探索将旅游增权理论应用于中国旅游实践的框架和途径。研究表明,在旅游发展过程中,由于旅游资源产权界定不清晰、信息不对称、缺乏权利意识和管理技能,社区居民普遍处于被排斥的无权状态,导致了旅游发展中尖锐的社会冲突,成为我国旅游发展面临的最大的约束和引发各种社会矛盾的根源。必须打破不平衡的权力关系,增进社区的权能。其中,明晰资源产权,改革旅游资源租赁使用制度是解决所有问题的起点,同时也需要信息增权和教育增权的支持。

Empowerment is an effective way to born the equality and sustainability in tourism development. Based on the on-site investigation and in-depth analysis of the uneven power relationship among government, investors and local communities in Diqing of Yunnan Province, this paper explores into the framework and method of applying empowerment theory into Chinese tourism practices. It is found that due to the obscure land ownership, lack of right consciousness and management skills, local communities are left powerless and excluded, which directly lead to the acute social conflietions which constrains the development of tourism and is the very cause of various social conflicts. Therefore, it is urgent to empower the local communities through clearly defining property right of tourist resources and reforming the contract-management into joint-stock system. Meanwhile to educate and inform the communities is also necessarily supportive.