对民间文学申报非物质文化遗产的几点思考

A reflection on the use of folk literature as a declaration of agency for non-material heritages

民间文学申报非物质文化遗产的工作已经引起各地的高度重视,但在前两批的申报过程中也出现了一些问题,这些问题主要表现在申报工作的重心未能放到文学作品本身。因此,深入把握民间文学的文学属性,从文学作品的承续、流播和再创造的角度出发,确定具体的民间文学作品的非物质文化遗产名录,是有效克服多方争抢、历史考证与文学创作混淆以及重申报轻保护等弊病的关键。同时,通过建立社会调查制度、专家评估制度和预备期制度,以提高申报工作的科学性和公正性。

In recent years,many cultural institutions and organizations have become greatly interested in the ways in which folk literature can be used to represent and speak for non-material heritages.However,many of these applications have been hampered by a lack of focus on the works themselves.Therefore,the key to avoiding these issues(e.g.,competing claims of ownership,confusion over historical research and creative writing,and an overemphasis of the academic while neglecting the protection of the heritage)is to thoroughly understand the literature's properties through the compilation,preservation,translation and transmission of specific folk literary texts.In addition,a proper code of social investigation,expert evaluation and preparation systems is essential to increasing the effectiveness and enhancing equity of viewing folk literature as a voice that represents and annunciates non-material heritage cultures.