汶川地震后绵阳卫生防疫措施与效果分析

Evaluation of Epidemic Prevention Measures in Mianyang After Wenchuan Earthquake

目的通过对汶川地震灾后绵阳卫生防疫措施与效果的分析并提出建议,以巩固大灾之后无大疫成果和保障灾后重建顺利进行。方法搜集、整理绵阳传染病疫情资料、抗震救灾卫生防疫工作报表与专题调查报告,回顾性总结汶川地震灾后绵阳卫生防疫工作实践,描述并分析卫生防疫效果。结果总结出10条卫生防疫措施:统筹指挥、整合资源,医疗卫生防疫覆盖到村;统一技术方案,规范应急处置;狠抓环境整治和消杀防疫,消除疾病隐患;注重能力恢复,加强疫情监测报告和分析;现场快检与实验室监测相结合,保证饮水安全;严格食品卫生监管,防止食源性疾病发生;进行应急接种,建立免疫屏障;开展卫生学评价,控制危险因素;开展病媒生物监测,防止媒介生物孳生;广泛开展健康教育,普及救灾防病知识。灾区卫生状况得到改善,无暴发疫情和突发公共卫生事件发生,传染病报告发病率较前3年同期平均水平下降29.23%。结论汶川地震灾后绵阳采取的卫生防疫措施科学有效,传染病报告发病率降低。

Objective To evaluate the epidemic prevention measures taken in Mianyang after Wenchuan earthquake, make recommendations to maintain no epidemic status after the destroyed disaster and insure postquake reconstruction. Methods The data of communicable disease epidemic in Mianyang, the report forms of epidemic prevention during the disaster relief and special investigation reports were collected to describe the epidemic prevention work and evaluate the effectiveness. Results Ten epidemic prevention measures were described, i.e. Central command, integrating resources, conducting epidemic prevention in every village ; unifying technical procedure to conduct standard emergency response; environment cleating and disinfection to eradicate disease potential; reestablishment of capacity of disease reporting and detection; combination of field test and laboratory surveillance to insure drinking water safety; strict food hygiene supervision to prevent food borne disease; conducting emergency vaccination to develop herd immunity; conducting health evaluation and risk factors control; conducting surveillance and control of in-sect vector; conducting extensive health education. The health condition in quake hit area was improved, no disease outbreak and public health emergency occurred. The reported incidence rate of communicable disease declined by 29.23% compared with the average rate in same period in previous 3 years. Conclusion The epidemic prevention measures taken in Mianyang after Wenchuan earthquake were effective, the reported incidence rate of communicable disease declined.