论国际环境损害赔偿归责原则的客观化及体系构建

Objectification and System Construction of Imputation of International Environment Damages

归责原则决定着当事人义务的承担、举证责任的负担、赔偿的原则、责任的免除或减轻等。随着责任保险制度的发展,在国际环境损害赔偿法领域出现了"归责原则客观化"的趋势,各国成文法和国际条约大都采用了"无过错/严格责任"归责原则。但从维护公正的角度来看,国际环境损害赔偿归责体系不应只包括无过错原则,应该是多元化的。因此,我国也应该建立包括过错责任和无过错责任的多元化环境损害赔偿归责体系。

Principle of imputation decides the obligation assumption, burden of proof, principle of compensation for damage and exemption or alleviation from liability of parties. With the development of liability insurance, ＂objectification of imputation＂ becomes the trend of international environmental damages. National laws and international treaties usually adopt liability without fault/strict liability. From the viewpoint of justice, the principle of imputation of international environmental damages should not only mean liability without fault, but also cover liability with fault as well, i.e. it is a pluralism system. China should establish a pluralism system of imputation in international environmental damages which include liability without fault and liability with fault.