从民族革命到民族再造--以孙中山民族主义思想为中心

From Nation Revolution to Nation Re-Building: An Example of Sun Zhongshan's Nationalism

建立独立自主的民族国家是中国近代民族主义的核心内容。但是民族主义主张的单一民族建国理论与中国统一多民族国家的传统有根本冲突。为解决这一矛盾,中国早期民族主义者对源自西方的民族主义进行了改造。从最初的"排满"到提出各民族互不侵犯、平等生存;从提倡以汉族为主导的民族同化到设想国内各民族在平等的基础上融合为统一的中华民族。中国近代民族主义在民族建国理论上完成了从汉族国家经由五族共和再到中华民族国家的嬗变。

The key task of Chinese modern nationalists was to build a independent nation-state. But the idea of the single-nation state is incompatible with Chinese tradition of unified multi-nationalities state. For the resolving the contradiction, Chinese nationalists reconstructed the nationalism from the West. The thoughts of the nationalists was transform from the idea of expelling the Manchus to mutual nationality non-aggression and living equally, as well as from the plan of Absorbing other nationalities into the Hans to blending all nationalities into a unified Chinese nation. The nation-building theory of the nationalists had three stages, that, the Han’s country, five nationality unity for a republic, and Chinese national state.