公正的旁观者：亚当·斯密经济伦理思想的伟大创新

Impartial Spectator:The Great Innovation of Adam Smith's Economic Ethical Thoughts

斯密从经济理论的人性假设出发,对其独特的"经济模型"和"看不见的手"理论进行了创新性研究,指出道德标准和公正原则是其"经济模型"赖以实现的价值支撑。"公正的旁观者"是价值的最高裁判者,是上帝、自然神性与人的德性的统一。"公正的旁观者"在经济伦理思想的演进中发挥着承前启后的作用。以"公正的旁观者"理论的提出为标志,经济与伦理的关系在现代性语境中发生了重大的转向。"公正的旁观者"是现代经济伦理思想的伟大创新,是实现现代经济社会良序运行的伦理保障。

The analysis of the hypothesis about human nature entailed in Adam Smith＇s economic theory has cast some new light on his economic model and his understanding of the so-called ＂invisible hand＂ ： the value basis of his economic model is constituted by the ethical standards and the principle of impartiality, which in his theory is actually symbolized by the ＂impartial spectator＂ that is an integration of God, the natural divinity and human morality. The impartial spectator thus has been playing a transitiona/role in the evolution of the economic ethics. The emergence of the theory of impartial spectator, which is a great innovation accomplished by the modem economic ethics and provides an ethical support for the sound social and economic operation in modem times, marks a significant shift in the understanding of the relationship between economy and ethics in the modem context.