譬论：先秦诸子言说方式的转变--以《韩非子·内外储说》之异闻为例

The Allegorical Argument and the Transformation of the Discourse Mode of Pre-Qin Scholars:A Case Study of Different Versions of the Same Story in HanFeizi Neiwaichushuo

先秦诸子言说方式,至战国中期而一变:从早期至理、名言之语录,一变为充满譬喻故事之论辩。《韩非子》之《说林》、《内外储说》的产生,不过是这种演变的极至化结果;中国早期小说之"譬论"的重要文体特征,正是在先秦子书这种演进过程中生成的。《内外储说》"一曰"所记载的异闻传说,都是与其相对应的经文、说的正文故事同时写作而成的,并非是后人添加进去的;"一曰"之异闻作为"未完之稿"而产生、存在的意义,不仅体现了韩非对于譬喻故事的特殊兴趣,体现出传说故事的丰富性、口传性,而且还透露出"譬论"文体(早期小说)诞生的重要根源。

The Warring States Period witnessed a great change in the mode of discourse of the Pre-Qin scholars from the mere quotations of famous sayings in the early period to the argument full of allegorical stories. Shuolin and Neiwaichushuo in HanFeizi are the final results of this development. The important stylistic features of the ＂allegorical argument＂ in the early Chinese stories came into being in this evolutionary process of Pre-Qin philosophers＇ books. The stories in Neiwaichushuo are Han Fei＇s important writings in which ＂Yiyue＂ records different versions of a story that were written simultaneously with the corresponding ＂scriptures＂ and the textual stories by Han Fei himself rather than, as has long been believed, being supplemented by his successors. The emergence and existence of different versions of the story in ＂Yiyue＂ as unfinished script bear great significance in that they not only reflect Han Fei＇s special interest in allegorical stories, the richness and oral-telling features of legends, but reveal the important origin of allegorical argument styles （ i. e. early stories） as well.