论扬州评话语音的历史演变及其得失

The Evolution of the Accent of Yangzhou Pinghua:Its Successes and Failures

扬州评话历史的辉煌和目前的衰落形成巨大反差。扬州评话语音演变的历史饱含正反两面经验。扬州评话祖师柳敬亭善于根据听众特点调整语音,他说书的地域范围很广,语音以官话和地方官话为主。清代盛世扬州人口构成和文化特点,决定当时扬州评话语音是官话、地方官话和方言共存。晚清以后扬州人口构成和文化特点,造成扬州评话语音方言化。方言化在本地富有生存能力,但到了更广阔范围却削弱生存竞争能力。扬州评话要继续发展必须变革语音,很多方言文艺也都是如此。

The historical glory of Yangzhou Pinghua （popular tales in Yangzhou） is in sharp contrast with its current decline in popularity. The history of the evolution of Yangzhou Pinghua＇s accents records both positive and negative experience. Liu Jingting, the founding father of this local dialectal art, was good at adjusting his accents in accordance with the audience＇s characteristics. He performed Yangzhou Pinghua in a wide area, and the main accents he used were those of the national official language and the local official language. During the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, the population structure and cultural characteristics of Yangzhou determined the coexistence of the national official language, the local official language and the Yangzhou dialect in the performance of Yangzhou Pinghua. After the late Qing Dynasty, the population structure and cultural characteristics of Yangzhou gave rise to the change in the accents of Yangzhou Pinghua： major accent used in its performance was that of the Yangzhou dialect. Such a change made it increasingly popular in the local area, but weakened its competitive edge in a wider scope. Therefore, Yangzhou Pinghua should transform its accents to make further developments, and so should many other dialectal arts.