汶川地震救援武警消防官兵心理健康状况及影响因素

Mental health status and related factors of fire fighters rescuing in earthquake of Wenchuan

目的调查分析地震救援武警消防官兵的心理健康状况及影响因素。方法于参加地震救援后11d和2个月时，使用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、卡特尔16项个性因素问卷（16PF）和应对方式问卷（CSQ），对参与地震救援的65名武警消防官兵进行调查。结果（1）在救援后11d，除躯体化和恐怖因子与中国军人常模差异无显著性外[（1．51±0．35）分，（1．55±0．57）分，t=0．679，P〉0．05；（1．25±0．43）分，（1．35±0．45）分，t=1．881，P〉0．05]，其余因子得分均显著低于常模；救援后2个月时躯体化因子得分明显下降（t=2．298，P〈0．05）；（2）与中国军人16PF常模相比，消防官兵恃强性和独立性因素得分显著低于常模（t=4．141，t=2．796，P〈0．05），而有恒性、敏感性、怀疑性和幻想性因素得分显著高于常模（P〈0．05或0．01）；应对方式6个因子的得分由高到低顺序为：解决问题、求助、退化、合理化、幻想和自责。结论参与地震救援的消防官兵具有较高的心理健康水平，这可能与他们的某些人格特征和积极的应对方式有关。

Objective To analysis the status of the mental health of fire fighters in earthquake of Wenehuan. Methods At 11 days and 2 months after rescuing from earthquake, psychologists used symptom checklist- 90 （ SCL-90 ）, Cattell 16 personality factor questionnaire （16PF） , and coping style questionnaires （ CSQ ） to test 65 fire fighters respectively. Results （ 1 ） Compared with norms of PLA, the scores of somatization and phobic anxiety weren＇t significant discrepancy[ （ 1.51 ±0.35）, （ 1.55 ±0.57）, t=0. 679, P〉0.05 ; （ 1.25 ±0.43）, （ 1.35±0.45 ） , t = 1.881, P 〉0.05 ] , the other factors decreased significantly at 11 days. At 2 months, the score of somatization was lower than that at 11 days（ t=2. 298, P〈0.05）. （2） Compared with 16PF norms of PLA, the scores reduced obviously in factor E and Q2, and the scores increased obviously in factor G, I, L and M. The most frequently used coping styles by them were problems solving, seeking help, avoidance, rationalization, imagination and self-blame. Conclusion The level of their mental health is higher than the general soldiers, which could be related to some personal characters and coping styles.