地震灾区高三学生高考前心理健康状况与应对方式、自我效能感的相关性

Analysis of psychological conditions, coping styles and self-efficacy for senior middle school students in the earthquake shocked area

目的了解地震灾区高三学生高考前心理健康及与应对方式、自我效能感的相关性。方法运用精神症状自评量表（SCL-90）对地震灾区168名高三学生进行抽样调查，与其他未发生地震灾害的296名高三学生的数据进行对比分析。应用中学生应对方式问卷和一般自我效能感问卷对地震灾区高三学生进行调查，并对心理健康状况与应对方式和一般自我效能感进行相关分析。结果灾区学生在强迫、人际关系、抑郁、恐怖和精神病性等因子上显著高于未受灾地区高三学生。在中学生应对方式量表中问题解决分量表与强迫为负相关（r=-0．162）；逃避分量表与强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性为正相关（r=0．301，0．247，0．202，0．283，0．190，0．252，0．165）；幻想与强迫为正相关（r=0．168）；一般自我效能感与人际关系、抑郁、敌对、偏执为负相关（r=-0．218，-0．208，-0．216，-0．155），且以上相关均达到显著性（尸〈0．05）。结论地震灾区高三学生面临地震和高考的双重压力，心理健康状况不容乐观，积极正确的应对方式教育以增强他们的自我效能感对于灾区学生是非常必要的。

Objective To investigate the psychological conditions,coping styles and self-efficacy of senior middle school students in the earthquake shocked area in Sichuan province. Methods Using Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） , Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students and General Self-efficacy Scale （GSES） to investigate the senior middle school students in the earthquake shocked area in Sichuan province, and conducted correlation analysis. Used SCL-90 to investigate senior middle school students who were not from the stricken area. Resuits Compared with senior middle school students who were not shocked by the earthquake, scores of Obsessive- Compulsive, Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, Phobic anxiety, and Psychoticism were significantly greater. As for the Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students, scores of Solving had significant correlations with scores of Obsessive-Compulsive （r =-0. 162, P 〈 0.05 ）. Scores of Escaping had significant correlations with scores of Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety, Phobic anxiety, Paranoid ideation, and Psychoticism （r= 0. 301,0. 247,0. 202, 0. 283, 0.190, 0.252, 0. 165, P〈0.05）. Scores of Fantasy had significant correlation with scores of Obsessive-Compulsive （r = 0. 168, P〈0.05 ）. Scores of GESE had significant negative correlations with Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, Hostility, Paranoid ideation （r = - 0. 218, - 0. 208,-0.216, - 0. 155, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The senior middle school students are under the great stresses of the earthquake and the college entrance examination, and their psychological states are not so good. Appropriate education of coping styles to improve their self-efficacy is very important and very meaningful to them.