阅读障碍儿童威斯康星卡片分类测验反应特征分析

Response Features of Dyslexic Children in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

目的探索汉语阅读障碍儿童(Reading Disorders,RD)的大脑额叶执行功能特征,为相关研究提供依据。方法采用威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,WCST)和方块图敲击试验(tapping test)对29名阅读障碍儿童和35名正常儿童进行测试和比较。结果RD组在WCST中的完成分类数和概念化水平明显低于对照组(P值均<0.01),完成第一个分类所需应答数和持续性错误率明显高于对照组(P值均<0.01),而2组的总正确率和规则坚持失败数差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);此外,RD组在方块图敲击测试中的顺向答题数、顺向得分、逆向答题数以及逆向得分都明显低于对照组(P值均<0.05)。结论汉语阅读障碍与额叶执行功能缺陷存在关联,主要体现在概念化、认知转移、短时记忆和工作记忆等方面功能低下。

Objective To explore the characteristics of frontal lobe＇s executive function of reading disorders （ RD） children, and to provide evidence for the related research. Methods A paired study was carried out on 29 RD children and 35 normal children by using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test （WCST ） and Tapping Test. Results In WCST, the RD group scored obviously lower in categories control （ CC ） and RFP（ P 〈 0.01 ） , and had significantly more trials to complete the first category（ RF） and preservation errors （ PE ） （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Both groups＇ correct response （RC） and failures to maintain set （FM ） had no statistical significance（ P 〉 0.05 ）. In Tapping Test the RD group got obviously lower scores in all test items （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion RD has correlation with defect of frontal lobe＇s executive function, mainly reflect in low abilities of conceptualization, cognitive shifting, short-term memory and working memory.