中学生综合运动处方应用效果评价

Application of Comprehensive Exercise Prescriptions in Adolescent Students

目的探讨综合运动处方改善中学生体能素质的效果,为进一步在中学生中推广"综合运动处方"提供科学依据。方法综合运用系统的文献复习、实际体质测量、专家咨询和现场尝试等多种方法,设计制定分别以发展耐力素质、力量素质和灵敏柔韧素质为主的三大类综合运动处方。将合肥地区6所中学1362名初一、初二学生随机分为干预组和对照组,进行"综合运动处方"干预,评价干预效果。结果初一、初二学生及不同性别学生基线时体质测量指标差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。2组研究对象实施6个月综合运动处方干预后,初一学生有4所学校干预组的台阶试验成绩在干预后均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);立定跳远成绩干预后干预组与干预组差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);肺活量有2所学校干预后干预组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。初二年级干预后干预组与对照组各指标变化与初一年级的指标变化规律相似。结论中学生综合运动处方合理、有效、易操作,值得推广应用。

Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive exercise prescriptions for improving adolescents＇ physical ability, and to provide scientific envidenee for the extension of comprehensive exercise prescriptions among adolescent students. Methods By using literature review, physical ability measurement, expert consultation and field trials, three different comprehensive exercise prescriptions were designed for developing endurance, strength, flexibility respectively. Totally 1 362 students from 6 schools in Hefei were divided for random to test and evaluate the effect of comprehensive exercise prescriptions. Results There was no significant differences among different grades and sex in physical ability measurement before intervention （ P 〉 0.05）. After 6 months＇ intervention, intervention group＇s step test scored higher than control group in 4 schools （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the change in standing long jumping was not significant（ P 〉0.05 ） , the lung capacity changed significandy in 2 schools（ P 〈0.05 ）. The change rule between different grades was similar. Conclusion The comprehensive exercise prescriptions are reasonable, easy for use, effective and worth extension.