法国文学批评观念的嬗变

The Evolution of the Concepts of French Literary Criticism

法国文学批评历经五百多年沧桑,批评观念经历了判断、鉴赏、诠释三个阶段的嬗变。在法国文艺复兴时期诞生的判断性批评先后出现了"先验"与"后天"批评两种形态;起源于18世纪的鉴赏性批评,后来发展成"同情批评"与"印象批评"两种模式;发端于19世纪初的诠释性批评,演变到20世纪,则分为"科学意图的象征性批评"及"美学阐释批评";而罗兰.巴特在新批评方面独树一帜,不乏高论,引领着后现代文学批评。通过厘清法国文学批评观念的演变历程,可明确每一批评观念的分类、特征及走向,从而为中国文学批评寻找可资借鉴的途径。

In more than five hundred years, the concepts of French literary criticism have come through three phases of evolution：judgement, appreciation and interpretation. The critique of judgement, formed in the French Renaissance includes two types：＂a priori critique＂ and ＂aposteriori critique＂. The critique of appreciation, originating in the 18th century, has also two types： critique of identification and impressionist critique. The critique of interpretation, beginning in the 19th century and developing through the 2Oth century, can be divided into ＂symbolistic critique of scientific intention＂ and ＂aesthetic critique of interpretation＂. Roland Barthes, full of brilliant views and leading the post-modem literary criticism, has developed a school of his own in the New Criticism. By making clear the development of French literary criticism, defining the classification, characteristics and trend of every critical concept, the article tries to search effective approaches for the development of Chinese literary criticism.