城乡二元体制的建立:农民与市民的制度分野

The Establishment of Urban-rural Dual System:the Dividing Line of the System between Peasants and Citizens

从统购统销、剪刀差和户籍制度三个方面考察分析我国城乡二元体制的形成,可以看出统购统销政策的实行,关闭了粮食自由市场,割裂了农民与城乡市场的联系,农民失去了自由支配粮食的权利;"剪刀差"的实质是国家对农民的超经济剥夺,在身份上,公民被划分为农民与市民两种人;城乡有别的二元户籍制度,使农民被人为地降为二等公民。

This article analyses the formation of China＇s dual urban-rural system through the three aspects of the dual purchasing and marketing policies, scissors difference and the household registration system. With the practice of the dual purchasing and marketing policies, it results in the closure of the food in the free market, a separation between peasants and urban-rural areas markets, so peasants lose their discretionary right to food. The essence of ＂scissors difference＂ is the deprivation of the peasants＇ economy. In identity, citizenship is divided into two types of peasants and citizens. The difference of the dual urban and rural household registration system makes peasants degraded to second-class citizen.