长期无病生存白血病儿童情绪、自我意识及个性特征的对照研究

A controlled study on the psychological characteristics of long-term survivors of childhood leukemia

目的探讨长期无病生存白血病儿童的情绪、自我意识及个性特征。方法选用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表、Piers—Harris儿童自我意识量表和儿童版艾森克个性问卷分别对19例长期无病生存白血病、20例初发白血病和40例正常对照儿童进行评定。结果长期无病生存组患儿在焦虑总分以及躯体化／惊恐、广泛性焦虑和社交恐怖分量表评分[分别为（25．72±14．72）分，（6．11±4．36）分，（5．72±4．56）分和（7．67±4．19）分]高于对照组[分别为（16．11±11．81）分，（3．82±1．69）分，（2．84±1．92）分和（3．95±2．85）分]，差异具有显著性（均P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。2组白血病患儿自我意识总分[分别为（60．06±8．07）分和（58．25±6．54）分]均低于正常对照组（均P〈0．01或P〈0．05），其中长期元病生存组在焦虑和合群分量表得分明显低于正常对照组（均P〈0．01或P〈0．05），而初发白血病组患儿在行为、智力与学校情况、焦虑分量表得分显著低于正常对照组（均P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。长期无病生存组与初发白血病组患儿及正常对照组比较，性格普遍偏于内向。结论长期无病生存白血病儿童较正常儿童有更多的焦虑情绪、较低的自我意识和内向性格特征。

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare psychosocial functioning of longterm survivors of childhood leukemia, children newly diagnosed as leukemia and age-matched healthy controls. Methods Nineteen long-term survivors of childhood leukemia （ Group A）, twenty children newly diagnosed as leukemia（ Group B） and forty age-matched healthy controls （Group C）completed the questionnaires allowing as- sessment of symptoms associated with anxiety, depression, self-concept and personality by using the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders （ SCARED ） , depression self rating scale for children （ DSRSC ） , Piers- Harris children＇ s self-concept scale（PHCSS） and Eysenck personality questionnaire（ EPQ）, respectively. Results Group A scored significantly higher on subscales of somatization/panic （6.11 ± 4.36 ）, generalized anxiety （5.72 ±4.56）, social phobia（7.67±4.19） and the total scale（25.72 ± 14.72） than Group C（ the score was 3.82 ± 1.69,2.84 ± 1.92, 3.95 ± 2.85 and 16.11 ±11.8l, respectively, P 〈 0.05 ）, the depression score was higher than that of the control group, but have no significant difference （P = 0. 069）. The total score of self-concept of both group A （ 60.06± 8.07 ） and group B （ 58.25 ± 6.54 ） were significantly lower than that of the group C （ 64.90 ± 7.30） （P 〈 0.05 ）. Among which, group A scored significantly higher on subscales of anxiety and gregarization than group C（P〈 0.05 ）. And Group B scored significantly higher on subscales of behavior, intelligence and anxie- ty than group C （P 〈 0.05 ）. The extraversion score of EPQ in group A was lower than that in group B and C, whereas the other three dimensions （P,N, L） of EPQ test showed no difference between the three groups. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that survivors of childhood leukemia are at risk for psychological difficulties.