军校新生自我效能与应对方式、人格特征和急性心理应激反应的关系

Study on relationship of military college freshmen＇ s self-efficiency and coping styles, personality, acute stress psychological reaction during war

目的探索急性应激中军校新生自我效能对急性心理应激反应的影响作用。方法用相关问卷调查683名被试的自我效能、应对方式、人格特征；用实验法测量被试急性心理应激反应。结果①低自我效能新生人格特征的社会内向（Si）[（54．35±11．95）分，（34．35±10．21）分，P〈0．01]、外显性焦虑（Mas）[（55．10±12．27）分，（37．59±8．58），P〈0．01]、依赖性（Dy）[（54．03±9．53）分，（40．85±9．00）分，P〈0．01]和应对方式中的消极应对（Nc）[（10．85±3．83）分，（7．58±3．62），P〈0．01]显著高于高自我效能新生，低自我效能新生人格特征的支配性（Do）、社会责任感（Re）和应对方式中的积极应对（Pc）显著低于高自我效能新生（t=5．12，2．11，3．90，P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；军校新生自我效能与人格特征的Si、Mas、Dy和应对方式中的Nc负相关（r=0．586--0．359，P〈0．01），军校新生自我效能与人格特征的D0、Re和应对方式中的Pc正相关（r=0．172～0．460，P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；在与自我效能相关的人格特征、应对方式诸因素中，si、Dy、Pc进入回归方程。②低自我效能新生的心理应激总分显著低于高自我效能新生（t=3．92，P〈0．01），自我效能与心理应激总分和行为反应、情绪反应、战斗力发挥分量表得分正相关（r=0．187—0．346，P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论人格特征、应对方式影响军校新生的自我效能，自我效能是应激源和急性应激反应间的中介因素。

Objective To explore how the freshmen＇ s self-efficiency influence the acute stress psychological reaction. Methods Self-efficiency, coping styles, personality were assessed by relevant questionnaires, and acute stress psychological reaction was measured by means of designing a experiment in 683 freshmen of military colleges. Results （1）Freshmen with low self-efficiency had higher scores in Si, Mas, Dy, Nc （t = 8.05,7.49,6.36, 3.93, P 〈 0.01 ） and lower scores in Do, Re, Pc （t = 5.12,2.11,3.90, P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ） than freshmen with high one. Among all factors mentioned above, Si, Dy,Pc got into regression equation. （2） Freshmen with low self- efficiency had lower stress score than ones with higher self-efficiency（t = 3.92, P 〈 0.01）. Freshmen＇ s self-effi- ciency was positively correlated to total scale score and 3 subscale scores of the acute psychological stress reaction questionnaire（r=0. 187 -0.346, P〈0.05, P〈0.01 ）. Conclusion Personality,coping style exerted influence on the freshmen＇ s self-efficiency which is a mediator between stressors and acute psychological stress reaction.