大学生对熟知同学人格特征社会认知的性别差异

A study on the differences of social cognition of classmates＇ personality traits between male and female college students

目的探讨大学生被试对熟知同学人格特征社会认知的正确性，及其性别上的差异。方法采用中文版“大五”人格量表，让84名大学生自己和熟知者在该量表上对其人格特征进行评定。统计分析自己评定与熟知者评定之间的相关性，并对双方评定数据进行相关样本的t检验分析。结果女大学生在外倾性、开放性人格维度上，对熟知者评定与熟知者自己评定之间相关显著（r=0．564，P〈0．01；r=0．508，P〈0．01）；在神经质、外倾性和认真性维度上，女大学生对熟知者的评定[分别为（21．20±3．95）分，（27．33±5．36）分，（30．76±5．18）分]与熟知者自己评定[分别为（24．76±5．01）分，（25．42±5．53）分，（28．51±4．85）分]之间差异有显著性（f=4．254，P〈0．01；t=2．519，P〈0．05；t=2．384，P〈0．05）；男大学生只在外倾性维度上，对熟知者评定与熟知者自己评定之间相关显著（r=0．404，P〈0．05）；在外倾性和认真性维度上，男大学生对熟知者的评定[分别为（28．28±5．21）分，（30．79±5．37）分]与熟知者自己评定[分别为（25．90±5．10）分，（28．18±5．81）分]之间差异有显著性（t=2．646P〈0．05；t=2．315，P〈0．05）。结论大学生对熟知同学人格认知的准确性，有不同维度和性别上的差异性；并且大学生存在从社会期许和对同学有利的方向去评价熟知同学人格特征的倾向。

Objective To explore the accuracy of college students＇ social cognition of their acquaintances＇ personalities, and the differences in accuracy between male and female students. Methods 84 partici- pants were tested with Big Five Inventory to evaluate their acquaintances＇ personalities, while their acquaintances were tested to evaluate their own personalities. Results In the female group, a correlation between the partici- pants＇ perceptions of their acquaintances and the acquaintances＇ self-perception turned out to be significant in di- mension of extroversion（ r=0. 564, P〈0.01 ） and in openness（ r=0. 508, P〈0.01 ） ;however, in dimensions of neuroticism,extroversion and conscientiousness, significant differences were found （21.20 ± 3.95 vs 24.76 ± 5.01, t =4. 254, P〈0.01 ;27.33 ±5.36 vs 25.42 ±5.53, t=2.519, P〈O.05; 30.76 ±5.18 vs 28.51 ±4.85, t = 2. 384, P 〈 0.05 ） ;In the male group, correlation only existed in extroversion （ r = 0. 404, P 〈 0.05 ） ; in di- mensions of extroversion and conscientiousness, differences were significant （28.28 ± 5.21 vs 25.90 ± 5.10, t = 2.646, P〈0.05;30.75±5.37 vs28.18±5.81, t=2.315,P〈0.05）. Conclusions The accuracy of college students＇ social cognition of their acquaintances＇ personalities varies both in personality dimensions and in gen- der; students tend to evaluate their acquaintances＇ personalities as those which will conform to social expectancy or be of a benefit to their acquaintances.