复合动词“～はじめる”和“～だす”的后项语义区别——从认知语言学的角度

The Semantic Differences in between the Latter Verbs of the Inchoative Compound Verbs "～はじめる" and "～だす"——A Cognitive Linguistics' Approach

复合动词的先行研究中以分析各组成要素关系居多,用认知理论分析复合动词多义的语义结构和近义区别的较少。认知的意象图式从说话者关注的焦点直观地反映了近义词语的语义不同。"～はじめる"和"～だす"复合动词的后项表示"始动"义时,共同中心意思是"向外部移动"。对中心意思意象图式的考察,能分析出二者后项语义的不同特征。前者结合认知的使动图式得出意象图式;后者从说话者关注角度的转化得出意象图式,从而分析出二者"始动"义的主要区别。

The primitive research on compound verbs mainly focused on the analysis of the relationship between separate constitutive elements.The cognitive linguistics' approach is less carried through as for the study of the semantic structure of compound verbs with multiple meanings and their distinction of synonyms.The Image Schema directly reflects the semantic differences of synonyms from the speaker's attention.When the latter verbs of '～はじめる'and '～だす' get the inchoative sense of synonyms,the commonality of the central meaning refers to 'shifting towards the outer space'.Based on the research of the central meaning,it is analyzed that the semantic features of the latter verbs between these two compound verbs are different.The schema of the former one is reached in terms of the agent cognitive schema;the schema of the latter is obtained from the angle of speakers' attention and converted focus.Three differences in the similar meanings of these inchoative compound verbs are produced based on the analysis of different schema.