摘要
目的：为评价煤尘对肺细胞的损伤，提供呼吸毒理学依据。方法：测定了淮北煤矿各个矿区煤样的游离二氧化硅含量。采用一次性气管内注入染尘方式，分析了大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中细胞成份与生化指标的变化，比较了不同矿区煤样标本对肺细胞毒性和病理改变，用全自动图象分析仪和数字模板画图仪进行了肺巨噬细胞内煤尘负荷的形态计量分析。结果：①淮北矿务局九个矿区煤样标本的游离ＳｉＯ２含量平均为６．３３％；②ＢＡＬＦ中细胞成份及生化指标的改变与煤尘含游离ＳｉＯ２量有剂量－效应关系；③对每一巨噬细胞内尘含量的形态计量分析表明，随着染尘剂量的增加，含尘巨噬细胞总数的百分率随之上升，巨噬细胞的表面积也随之增加，呈剂量－效应关系。结论：本研究中煤尘引起大鼠病理组织上可见急性肺损伤的呼吸性尘的阈剂量为１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，未见明显急性损伤呼吸性尘的阈下剂量为７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，据此推算，引起人急性肺毒性反应的呼吸性尘阈浓度为４０．３６ｍｇ／ｍ３（相当于总尘空气浓度为１２１．０８ｍｇ／ｍ３）。
Objective:For studying the mechanism of toxicity of coal dust.Method:SD rats were intratracheally instillated with coal dust at diffferent concentrations.48 hrs after lungs were lavaged and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for cellular component and LDH,protein and other biochemical parameters as indicators of lung injury.The burden of dust in alveolar macrophages was calculated by Cambridge Q520 Image Analyzer System.Results:①The average free silica concentration of Huai Bei Coal Mine is 6.33%;②The abnormality of cell component and biochemistry in lung has been assocaited with silica concentration of coal dust ,in a concentration-dependant manner;③The morphological metrology analyzing showed that there was a close correlation between dust exposure and the increase in percentage of dust cells,and surface area of dust cells,too.Conclusion:The threshold concentration of coal dust,which induced the acute injury of rat lung,was 15mg/kg,the threshold concentration,which didn't induce significant acute injury,was 7.5 mg/kg.Hereby computative the respiratory concentration of coal dust could induce acute injury of lung in coal miners is 40.36mg/m 3(equal total air dust concentration is 121.08mg/m 3).
关键词
煤尘
支气管肺泡灌洗术
肺巨噬细胞
形态计量分析
Coal dust Broncho alveolar lavage fluid Pulmonary alveolar macrophage Morphological metrology analyzing
