韶关市1956-2007年白喉流行病学及免疫学效果分析

Epidemiological and Immunological Studies of Diphtheria in Shaoguan from 1956 to 2007

目的了解韶关市白喉流行趋势,评估流行病学及免疫学效果,制定针对性措施防止白喉疫情的反复。方法采用描述流行病学方法,从流行病学、血清学等角度分析白喉流行病学及免疫学效果。结果随着疫苗接种率的提高,人群免疫水平达到并维持较高水平,白喉发病率自1959年的48.13/10万降至1989年的0.07/10万,1991年报告最后1例白喉病例,死亡率由6.19/10万降至1987年的0.02/10万,并经17年的流行病学、免疫学监测及法定传染病漏报调查证实,该市连续17年无白喉病例报告,成本效益比为1:12.53。结论韶关市在疫苗高接种率的干预下,实现了消除白喉的目标,社会及经济效益显著。但仍需继续做好免疫接种及监测工作,加强成人发病研究,严防白喉重新流行。

Objective To understand the epidemiological trend of diphtheria in Shaoguan from 1956 to 2007, and to evaluate the immunological status of the residences to diphtheria. Methods Retrospective descriptive epidemiological survey and serological studies were performed to analyze the occurrence of diphtheria. Results The increased in level of immunity to diphtheria was correlated with the increased in the rate of immunization in the population. The incident rate of diphtheria was found to decrease from 48.13 per 100 000 to 0.07 per 100 000 between 1959 and 1989. The last incidence of death was reported in 1991 and the mortality rate was decreased from 6.19 per 100 000 to 0.02 per 100 000 in 1987. No reported case of diphtheria was noted since 1987. The cost-benefit ratio was 1 ： 12.53. Conclusion The prevalence of diphtheria was controlled after the increase of vaccination in Shaoguan. The society was benefit from the eradication of diphtheria. Vaccination with DPT and disease surveillance program, especially on the adult patients, should be continuous for the prevention of emergency of diphtheria.