近世以来日语“同志”一词的语义转变及影响

The Changes and Influence of the Meaning of the Japanese Word "Comrade" in Modern Times

"同志"一词至少在8世纪末由中国传入日本,首先在文人学士和僧侣间使用;其语义在江户时代特别是幕末维新时期得到发展,出现了派别化和革命化的趋势,受此影响,中国维新和革命人士也开始互称"同志";日本的社会主义者和共产党成员之间称"同志"也早于中国。"同志"一词的语义在中日文化相互影响中得到了丰富。

It can be traced that the word＂comrade＂ was passed from China to Japan as early as the end of the eighth century and was at first used among men of letters, scholars and monks ; the meaning of the word was developed in Edo Era especially in the late period of Tokugawa Government with the advent of the faetionization and revolutionization trend, and under the influence, reformers and revolutionaries in China began to call each other comrades. In Japan, ＂comrade＂ was used among socialists and communists earlier than in China. The meaning of the word＂comrade＂has been enriched in the interaction of Chinese culture and Japanese culture.