学龄前儿童气质特征与多发伤害的队列研究

A cohort study on relationship between multiple injuries in preschool children and their temperament characteristics

目的分析学龄前儿童多发伤害与气质的关系。方法整群抽取马鞍山市12所幼儿园的2102名儿童，从《中国3—7岁儿童气质量表》中选取活动水平、初始反应、注意分散度、敏感性4个维度，由父母填写问卷，根据各维度得分，分为高、正常、低3组，进行为期半年伤害主动监测，观察各组伤害发生情况。结果学龄前儿童总伤害发生率为55．8％，多发（≥3次）伤害发生率为12．1％（243人），男童多发伤害发生率（14．9％）明显高于女童（8．8％），差异有统计学意义（X2=17．391，P〈0．01）。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示，男生、活动量大、初始反应高、敏感性高、性格外向、日常睡眠时间〈10小时是学龄前儿童多发伤害的危险因素；注意分散度低、睡眠规律、有午睡习惯可降低其发生风险。结论多发伤害倾向性与学龄前儿童气质特征密切相关，需要针对其气质特征开展预防儿童伤害的教育。

Objective To study relationship between multiple injuries in preschool children and their characteristics of temperament. Methods 2 102 preschool children from 12 kindergartens in Ma＇ anshan city were selected in cluster sampling method. A questionnaire including 4 temperament dimensions： activity level, initial response, distractibility and sensitivity extracted from ＂Preschool Children Temperament Scale by Parents in China＂were filled in by parents of the children. Then the children were divided into 3 groups： high score group, normal score group and low score group according to their scores in different temperament dimensions. A injury active surveillance was conducted for 6 months and incidences of multiple injuries of children in the three groups were observed. Results The overall incidence rate of injuries in preschool children was 55.8% and the rate of multiple injuries （ ~〉3 times） was 12.1% （243 children）. The rate of multiple injuries among male students（ 14.9% ） was higher than that among female students（ 8.8% ） and there was a significant difference （X2 = 17. 391 ,P 〈0.01 ）. The unconditioned multifaetorial logistic regression analysis showed that school boy, high activity level, high initial response, high sensitivity, extraverted personality and daily sleep time less than ten hours were risk factors of multiple injuries in preschool children. While low distractibility, regular sleep, noontime nap habit were protective factors. Conclusion The tendentiousness of multiple injuries in preschool children is closely related to characteristics of temperament of preschool children. The education work for preventing children＇ s injures should be developed according to temperamental characteristics of them.