社会性别对艾滋病感染妇女利用PMTCT服务的影响

Influence of gender inequalities on utilization of PMTCT services of HIV - infected women

目的从社会性别的视角了解少数民族地区艾滋病感染妇女所处的家庭环境，及对利用预防艾滋病母婴传播服务产生的影响。方法采用定性研究方法，通过深入访谈和现场观察来获取研究资料。结果大多数妇女是通过配偶感染艾滋病的，因夫妻间很少使用安全套；所调查的21名艾滋病感染妇女的妊娠结局为：1名人工终止妊娠，20名足月分娩，其中15名接受过1次产前保健，19名住院分娩，1名在家中分娩；有11名应用了抗病毒药物；足月分娩的婴儿中，有17名应用了抗病毒药物，18名采用人工喂养；所有的丈夫都支持妻子接受预防艾滋病母婴传播服务。结论来自丈夫的支持是艾滋病感染孕产妇利用预防艾滋病母婴传播服务的促进因素。男性积极参与艾滋病防治将有利于预防艾滋病母婴传播服务的实施。

Objective To investigate family environment of HIV-infected women in surveyed minority areas from angle of social sex and how gender inequalities influence their utilization of PMTCT services. Methods A qualitative study was conducted to obtain data through in- depth interview and spot observation. Results The majority of women in this study were infected with HIV from their husbands and exhusbands because of seldom use of condom in sexual intercourse. The pregnancy outcomes of 21 HIV-infected pregnant women investigated were that：l woman terminated her pregnancy and 20 pregnant women delivered in full term . Of 20 term delivery pregnant women, 15 pregnant women received at least 1 time of prenatal health care, 19 pregnant women delivered in hospital and 1 woman delivered in home. 11 pregnant women received anti-viral therapy. Among 20 infants born at term, 17 infants received anti-viral therapy and 18 infants received artificial feeding. All husbands supported their wives in utilizing PMTCT services because the husband wanted to have a healthy baby free from HIV. Conclusion A support and understanding from the husband is an important encouraging （ promoting ） factor of pregnant or parturient women to utilize PMTCT services.