花生属植物起源、分类及花生栽培种祖先研究进展

Advance in origin and classification of genus Arachis and progenitor of cultivated peanut(A. hypogaea L.)

了解花生属植物的起源、分类及栽培种花生的野生种祖先对利用野生种改良栽培种花生品种和扩大其遗传基础均具有重要意义。花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)是重要的油料作物和植物蛋白质来源,现已经鉴定出花生属植物有80个种,分属于9个区组;花生区组包括花生栽培种和其它30个野生种,花生栽培种与花生区组的野生种杂交亲和,与其它区组的野生种杂交不亲和。通过种间杂交、细胞学和分子标记等现代生物技术对花生属种间亲缘关系进行广泛深入的研究,目前比较一致认为A.duranensis和A.ipa觕nsis最有可能是栽培种花生的野生种祖先。通过各种途径利用花生野生种质资源改良花生栽培种和进行种质创新是今后花生研究的重要方向之一。

It has important significance on improving cultivated peanut varieties and expending its genetic basis with wild species through knowing about the origin and classification of genus Araehis and the progenitor of wild species for cultivated peanut. Peanut （Arachis hypogaea L. ） is an important crop for edible oil and protein. At present, 80 species of the genus Arachis have been identified and are divided into nine sections. The Arachis section includes the cultivated peanut （A. hypogaea L.） and other 30 wild species, and cultivated peanut can be only crossed and compatible with all wild species in the Arachis section. The phylogenetic relationships of interspecies in the genus Arachis has been studied deeply through interspecies cross, cytology and modem biotechnologies such as molecular markers, and the consistent result is that A.duranensis and A. ipaensis are the most probable progenitors of the cultivated peanut. It proposed that one of the important studies is to improve the cultivated peanut and get new germplasm through utilizing the Arachis wild species by various ways.