厨房从业者高血压的流行病学研究

The epidemiology research of hypertension for kitchen practitioners

目的:调查厨房从业者高血压的发病率及其影响因素。方法:研究人群为2007年8月～2008年12月深圳市某地区从事厨房工作2年以上且目前仍从事厨房工作的人员(从事家庭厨房工作除外),共调查657例,使用直接询问法与体检法,按国际规定方法测量血压。结果:高血压患者221例,患病率为33.64%;接受高血压防治相关教育的仅为15.07%;工作时间>10h者患病率高达78.00%,远高于工作时间<10h者;采用防护措施者仅为9.13%,无防护措施者患病率高于有防护措施者;随着体重指数的增加,高血压患病率明显增加,肥胖与超重者患病率(40.09%)高于正常与过低者患病率(19.21%),肥胖与超重者的比例(69.10%)远高于正常与过低者的比例(30.90%)。结论:对厨房从业者的高血压一级预防应从30岁前尽早进行,减少每天工作时间(<10h/d)与工作时使用防护措施是降低其高血压患病率的有效措施。

Objective： To investigate hypertension prevalence rate and influencing factor of kitchen practitioners. Methods： Research group was kitchen practitioners in a certain area in Shenzhen who had worked for over 2 years and still worked between August 2007 and December 2008 （except those who were kitchen practitioners in home）. We investigated 675 cases with inquiry and physical examination, and measured blood pressure according to international standards. Results： The hypertension sufferers occupied 221 cases, the prevalence rate was 33.64%. The rate for those who had accepted the related education about how to prevent and control hypertension was only 15.07%. The prevalence rate for those who worked in kitchen more than 10 h was as high as 78.00%, which was much higher than those who worked less than 10 h. The rate of taking protective measure was only 9.13%, the prevalence rate for those who took protective measure was much lower than those who did not take protective measure. The prevalence rate increased obviously with the increase of avoirdupois index, the prevalence rate for fat and over weight people was 40.09%, which was higher than the rate for those with normal and lower weight （19.21%）. The rate for fat and over weight people reached 69.10%, which was much higher than the rate for people with normal and low weight （30.90%）. Conclusion： The kitchen practitioners should take the first-level hypertension prevention before 30 years old. Reducing the operating time （〈10 h/d） and taking the protective measure are the effective ways to reduce the hypertension prevalence rate.