乡村景观的概念内涵与发展研究

Concept and Development of Rural Landscape

乡村景观由自然环境、人文景观及其中的社会结构所组成,是人与环境互动作用产生的生态综合体。文中通过不同学科范畴对乡村景观进行了概念辨析,认为乡村景观是人地互动的产物,是乡村地域范围内空间性的表征。通过对乡村景观的起源与发展的回顾及国内外乡村景观研究内容进行梳理,认为目前其主要研究内容集中于乡村景观分类、乡村景观评价、乡村景观格局及演变、乡村景观规划等4个方面,分析了目前乡村景观发展中存在的问题,并对今后的研究进行了展望。

Rural landscape refers to the ecological complex where human and environment interacts, which is composed of the natural environment, constructed landscape and human society. The results of human-environment interaction lead to the formation of specific landscape, and shape future environmental characteristics and possible developmental patterns and directions. Under the dual influence of natural environment and human activities, rural landscape have undergone tremendously wide-ranging changes, from production structure to social development, from spatial patterns to ecological systems, and from natural landscape to cultural landscape. Traditional agricultural landscape and wilderness was gradually transferred, the old pattern was broken, and the intrinsic harmonious landscape was demolished, new landscape patterns are being created through conflicts and contradiction. The paper analyze different concepts of rural landscape from different perspectives. Existing literature indicate that there are four important aspects in rural landscape： rural landscape classification, rural landscape evaluation, rural landscape evolution and rural landscape planning. In the process of rapid industrial development and urbanization, because of a lack of effective control and regulations and a lack of clear objectives in the economic development, many valuable features of rural landscape have disappeared, the natural environment has been destroyed and the landscape pattern appears unbalanced.