浅谈水产动物的健康养殖与绿色渔药的开发

Healthy culture of the aquatic animal and research and developing of green fishery medicine

改革开放以来,我国水产养殖业有了突飞猛进的发展。水产养殖总量连续十几年居世界第一位,但我国的水产养殖也存在着许多问题。文章列举了我国水产养殖中存在的诸多问题,指出这些问题已严重影响了我国水产品的质量,破坏了整个养殖生态环境,实行健康养殖势在必行;同时分析了我国健康养殖的现状,在淡水和海水方面都有一定的发展。健康养殖涉及到许多方面,合理使用渔药是一个很重要的环节。合理用药,要从药物、病原、环境、水产动物本身和人类健康等方面的因素出发,有目的、有计划和有效果地使用药物,达到预防和治疗疾病的效果。而开发绿色渔药是合理用药的一个最有效、最有前途的发展方向。绿色渔药包括渔用疫苗、中草药制剂、微生物制剂和生物渔药。

Since New China＇s founding especially and opening-up, the aquaculture of China has developed very quickly, and the total output of aquatic product has been ranking the first in the world over a decade. But at the same time, some problems are existent. In this paper, the problems that affected the quality of our fishery product and destroyed the ecological environment seriously are particularized. Healthy culture must be carried out. The present status of healthy culture in China is also analyzed, which in freshwater aquaculture and mariculture are both developed in some extent. Healthy culture embodies seed, farming density, water quality, feed quality, medicine, etc. Utilization fishery medicine reasonably is a main one. It should be considered medicine, pathogen, nvironment, aquatic animal itself and the heath of the people. Using fishery medicine to prevent and cure fishery disease must be purposeful, designed and effective. Research and developing green fishery medicine is one of the most effective and hopeful ways to utilization fishery medicine reasonably. Fishery vaccine, Chinese herbal medicine, fishery probiotics and fishery biological medicine are all green fishery medicines.