环境压力与土地利用形式的转变——以汾阳文湖变迁为例

Pressure on the Environment and the Conversion of Land Use Based on the Changing of Wen Lake in History

文湖是古代晋中重要湖泊之一,宋、金以前,湖域广阔,有着重要的社会经济效益。随着人地矛盾压力增大,宋、金已有两次开渠泄湖,到了万历四年彻底泄湖,文湖随即消亡。通过对文湖变迁过程的环境因素分析,本文认为文湖土地利用形式的转化,是区域自然、人文环境压力日趋紧张作用的结果,在看到泄湖为田之后的负面影响时,也应指出在区域生态环境长期发展下的行为适应性和无奈。这种因环境压力而导致的适应性土地利用行为,是历史时期人类土地利用形式转变的共性之一。

The Wen Lake（文湖） is one of the important lakes in central Shanxi province, which had important socio-economic benefits before the Song and Jin dynasty with a large area. As the increasing pressure of the man-land contradiction, Wen Lake had been discharged for twice, and discharged completely in the forth year of WanLi, then it disappeared. By analyzing the environmental factors of the changing course of Wen Lake, this article maintains that the conversion of land use in Wen Lake is the result of the growing pressure on regional natural and cultural environment, we need tell the adaptive behavior and helpless under the long-term development of regional ecological environment, but not just see the negative impact after discharging lake for the land use. This adaptive behavior of land use by environmental pressure was one of the common behaviors of adaptability of land use of human in history.