从“障”到“瘴”:“瘴气”说生成的地理空间基础

From Zhang (障,Barrier) to Zhang(瘴,Miasma):Discussing the Geographical Basic of the Formation of Zhang-qi (瘴气,Miasma) Concept

瘴气研究是目前环境史、疾病史研究的热点,但以往研究没有解决的问题是,为什么南方的环境疾病被一致书写为"瘴",而不是别的某种表述?"瘴"原作"障","障"字在东汉中后叶(127-200年)已具备描述环境疾病的功能。"瘴"字则可能出现在西晋至南朝刘宋初年的一段时期,或许是从"障"的俗字——""演变而来。从字源、字义与文字的表达意象来看,"障气"之"障"凝结了空间阻隔意象与边疆意象,这一概念的生成与广泛使用,则体现出中原汉文化强烈的地域意识。

Now, the research of Zhangqi （瘴气,miasma） is a hotspot of the study of the Environmental History and the history of diseases. The problem that has not been resolved in previous study is, why did the environmental disease in south china have been written entirely as Zhang（瘴）, rather than some other expression？ Zhang（瘴） is the original character of Zhang（障）, it have already had the meaning to describe miasma in the middle and late Dong Han Dynasty. However, the latter may appear in a period of time between Xi Jin Dynasty and the early years of Liu Song Dynasty, and probably is the change of Zhang（瘴）. Analyzed from the etymology, meaning and context of Chinese character, the character Zhang （障） has the meaning ance and widely use of this concept embodies a of spatial obstruct and borderland imago. The appearstrong regional consciousness of Han culture.