最后的“青天”?——清代京控制度研究

The Last "Justitia"——Capital Appeals in the Qing

许多研究者把当代中国的上访认为是古代直诉制度在当今的复活和延续。由秦至清,古代中国创造出一套高度发达和精巧的权利救济制度,其中清代的京控(至京城控告)是其发展的最高峰。文章采用历史考证和比较研究方法,依次对京控的概念、京控案件审判方式之变迁以及京控在清末法律改革中的命运等方面予以探讨,并通过京控与民初大理院审判的比较,力图从现代法的角度勾勒这一传统社会独具特色的司法制度。

Many people consider Shangfang（appeal to the higher authorities） is the resurrection of the traditional appeal system which ends with Capital Appeals in the Qing dynasty. This article tells the real meanings and the development of the capital appeal in the Qing dynasty. With the beginning of the law reform in the 1910s and 1920s, this unique institution in traditional China was replaced by modern judicial system. Deepen understanding of the capital appeal can help us rethink the development of Shangfang in modern China.