黄山风景区旅游干扰对植物群落及其土壤性质的影响

Impacts of tourist disturbance on plant communities and soil properties in Huangshan Mountain scenic area

为了解黄山风景区旅游开发的生态影响,采用样方法对黄山风景区主要游览线路两侧植物群落及其土壤进行了调查,通过比较距游径0m、5m、10m,15m等干扰强度不同地段植物群落及其土壤性质变化特征,分析了旅游干扰对植物群落及其土壤性质的影响。结果表明:旅游干扰对植物群落乔木层影响不大,但对乔木层的更新有一定影响;对灌木层盖度影响较为明显,随距游径距离的增加,灌木层盖度趋于上升;对草本层影响最为显著,游径边缘5m以内干扰强度最大地段草本层高度明显降低,但草本层盖度未显示出随干扰强度变化的规律性,旅游干扰增加了草本层物种多样性,对草本层物种组成也有明显影响。旅游干扰对植物的影响范围可达游径外10m。旅游干扰对枯枝落叶层的影响最为显著,随干扰强度增加,枯枝落叶层厚度明显减少,其影响范围至少可达游径外15m。旅游干扰对植物群落的土壤性质也有较为明显的影响,随干扰强度的增加,土壤有机质含量、土壤全氮、全磷含量趋于下降,土壤pH值、全钾含量则趋于上升。土壤受旅游干扰影响范围可达游径外15m左右,但以5m内最为显著。

In order to understand the ecological effect of of tourism development, sample investigation was conducted on the basis of the data obtained from the plant communities and soil properties along the main routes in Huangshan Mountain scenic areas. The impacts of tourist disturbance on plant communities and soil properties were analyzed by comparing the condition of vegetation and soil among the different distances of 0, 5, 10, 15m away from the tourist trail where the intensities of tourist disturbance are distinct. The results are as follows： The impact of tourist disturbance on trees wasn＇t obvious, but significant on the seedlings There was a marked effect on the cover of shrub layer with a decrease tendency towards the main tourist trails. On the herb layer the impact was relatively evident. The height of herb layer near the trail where the intensity of tourist disturbance was the greatest decreased obviously. However, the cover of herb layer has not shown a regular change with increasing intensity of tourist disturbance. Tourist disturbance raised, on the one hand, species diversity in herb layer, and affected the composition of species on the other hand. The impacted surrounding area of 10m in diameter near the trail. The most significant ecological stress placed spatial area could reach the by tourist was on leaf litter layer. With the increase in the intensity of tourist disturbance, the height of leaf litter layer decreased distinctly. The impacted area could range 15m in diameter away from the trail. Soil properties was also influenced obviously by tourist disturbance. The content of organic matter, the total N and the total P in soil decreased with the increasing intensity of tourist disturbance, but the value of pH and the content of total K increased. The impacted range of soil covered an area of about 15m in diameter away from the trail, but the most obviously affected areas were in 5m.