不同耕作措施对冬小麦根系时空分布和产量的影响

Effects of different tillage on spatiotemporal distribution of winter wheat root and yield

在田间定位试验的基础上,研究了内陆河绿洲灌区不同耕作措施对冬小麦根系时空分布和产量的影响。结果表明:免耕秸杆覆盖(NTS)和免耕立茬(NTSS)措施下冬小麦根系总干重和总根长都大于传统耕作(T),且差异显著;开花期各处理总根干重和总根长都达到最大,之后开始下降;NTS和NTSS处理0～10cm土层的根长密度和根干重密度显著高于T处理,表现出根系表层分布的特征;拔节期,NTS、NTSS和NT处理10～30cm的根长密度和干重密度都小于T,而拔节后NTS和NTSS各土层根长密度和根干重密度增长幅度大于T。产量研究结果表明,NTS和NTSS能显著提高冬小麦产量,与T相比,产量分别提高16.84%～30.59%和12.76%～24.32%。

Wheat root systems play an important role in uptake of water and nutrients from soil, but the activity and distribution of roots can be influenced by the different tillage systems. Therefore, five agriculture patterns＇, that is, conventional tillage （T）, conventional tillage with stubble incorporated （TIS）, no-tillage without wheat stubble retention （NT）, no-tillage with stubble standing （NTSS）, no-tillage with wheat stubble retention （NTS） effects on the spatiotemporal distribution of winter wheat roots and yield were studied through field experiments implemented in Wuwei from 2005 to 2007. The aim of the research is to identify a suitable conservation agriculture practice for the area. The results showed that NTS and NTSS can significantly improve total dry root weight （DRW） and root length （RL） compared to T in whole growth seasons, and the total DRW and RL of all treatments peaked at flowering, and then declined gradually. Under NTS and NTSS conditions, the root length density （RLD） and dry root weight density （DRWD） in 0 -- 10cm soil were more abundant than T. The RLD and DRWD of 10 --30cm soil depth for T were significantly gfeater than that for NTS and NTSS at flowering, but the value of the RLD and DRWD increase for NTS and NTSS were higher than that for T after flowering. The results also showed that NTS and NTSS could significantly improved grain yield by 16.84%--30.59% and 12.76%--24.32% compared with T, respectively.