不同肥料处理对豫麦49小麦冠层结构与产量性状的影响

Effects of different fertilizer treatments on canopy architecture and grain yield characteristics of winter Wheat-Yumai 49

为探讨不同肥料处理对小麦冠层结构和产量性状的影响,采用随机区组试验设计和大田切片法,研究了豫麦49小麦品种在单施尿素、鸡粪和鸡粪与尿素配施等条件下小麦冠层结构特征、产量构成因素的变化,结果表明:施用鸡粪有利于增加旗叶的叶绿素含量(SPAD),提高群体光合有效辐射(PAR),增大小麦群体的平均叶倾角(MLA),降低群体的冠层开度(DIFN),提高小麦群体的叶面积指数(LAI)和籽粒产量。综合考虑小麦产量、经济系数等因素,3种肥料处理以鸡粪与尿素配施为最佳,配施处理的小麦冠层结构适宜、株型最佳、群体光分布合理。

In order to understand the effect of different fertilizer treatments on canopy architecture and grain yield characteristics of winter wheat, and to provide scientific basis for applying organic manure and fertilizer, experiments were carried out at the Research Station of Henan Agricultural University from 2005 to 2007. The soil （ pH = 7.5 ） contained 12. 31 g kg^-1 organic matter, 71.40 mg kg^-1 alkali-hydrolyzed N, 16.32 mg kg^-1 available P, 150.91 mg kg^-1 available K. The winter wheat cuhivar, Yumai 49 （medium gluten）, was used in this study. Density of each plot was 225 ×10^4 plants ha^-1. With the method of field slicing up, field experiments were carried out to study the dynamics of canopy architecture characteristics, and grain yield and grain protein content of medium gluten wheat with application of urea, urea and chicken manure mixture, and chicken manure. The chicken manure contained 130 g kg^- 1 organic matter, 23.62 g kg^-1 total N, 11.14 g kg^-1 available P, 9.53 g kg^-1 available K. All the treatments had the same nutrient contents（ N 225 kg hm^-2, P2O5 112.5 kg hm^-2 and K2O 112.5 kg hm^-2） , the area of each experimental plot was 8 m^2. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications, and all treatments were managed in the same way. SPAD value of functional leaves was measured from the same position during jointing, flowering, early grain-filling, middle grain-filling and late grain-filling stages using chlorophyll meter （SPAD-502 ）. The photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） , mean leaf angle（MLA） , leaf area index（LAI） and canopy openness （DIFN） in different position（ top, middle and bottom part）, namely 2/3 of wheat height, 1/3 of wheat height and near ground, were determined, according to standard methods in the literature, with the SunScan canopy analysis system and LAI-2000 canopy analyzer respectively. The resuhs showed as follows, chicken manure had not only obviously increased SPAD value, PAR, MLA, LAI, but also enhanced grain yield, and decreased DIFN. Considering the yield and economy coefficient, application of urea and chicken manure mixture was the best treatment among the three different treatments, for this treatment had the most suitable canopy architecture, best plant type and most reasonable sunlight distribution.