中国森林公园的发展方向

The development roadmap analysis on China′s Forest Parks

森林公园是充分发挥森林功能特别是森林生态系统服务功能的主要载体。当前,以森林公园为主体的森林旅游研究已成为中国森林生态学科研究中的一大亮点。较早地根据美国金融风暴以及中央土地流转政策等新形势,从总结分析中国森林公园的主要发展历程、产业经济态势和生态环境概况入手,对未来中国森林公园的发展方向进行了判断。指出土地流转制度改革将推动森林公园的经营多样化,金融危机将推动森林公园更加注重近距离市场培育,城市化进程将加大人们对森林康体旅游产品的需求。同时,游憩冲击管理将成为森林公园维持生态平衡的一种重要的行为调节方式,环境资源特别是森林保健旅游资源、森林公园的生态补偿机制、森林旅游产业结构调整与投资融资政策等将成为森林旅游研究的主要热点和重点。为有效化解金融危机对森林公园的负面影响,用足用好国家土地新政策,必须及早规范集体林权流转体系,积极扶持民营森林旅游的开发建设,开展生态教育夯实森林旅游的内涵,谨防林权流转之后旅游地通货膨胀,采用科学合理的生态技术加强森林旅游资源保护与可持续利用。

Forest parks are important places to carry out forest functions, particularly the ecosystem service function. Currently, forest tourism with focus on forest parks has become a research hotspot of China＇s forest ecology studies. This paper points out the development direction of China＇s forest parks based on an analysis of the development stages, industry profiles and the ecological environment of forest parks in the county.. This analysis is made at a time of global financial crisis started in the United States as well as at a time of a new policy being put forth by the central government with regard to the land use transfer in the county. It is believed that the land transfer reform will further diversify the operation and management of Chinese forest parks while the financial crisis will facilitate the development of tourism market within a short distance to parks, and the urbanization will boost the demand for pursuing forest recreation/tourism activities in forested lands. Meanwhile, the paper believes recreation impact management will become an effective approach to balance and regulate the forest park ecosystem, balance. Moreover, forest resources for public wellness and health, ecological compensation mechanism of forest parks, the structural adjustment of the forest tourism industry and the relevant financial investment policy will be the hot research topics on forest tourism. To reduce the negative impact of the financial crisis on forest parks and fully carry out China＇s new land policy, it is necessary to proactively regulate the land transfer procedures of public forest lands, to support the construction and development of forest parks by private owners, to develop ecological education and enrich land use transfer will the content of forest tourism, to prevent the potential inflation in tourism destinations where the forest take place, and finally, to use new ecologic technology to protect and develop the forest tourism resources in a sustainable manner.