湖南省24起甲型肝炎暴发疫情流行病学特征及因素探讨

Study on Epidemiological Characteristics and Factors of Twenty-four Hepatitis A Outbreaks in Hunan Province

目的了解湖南省甲型肝炎暴发疫情的流行现状和流行病学特征,探讨其流行规律和预防控制措施。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对湖南省2005-2008年间发生的24起暴发疫情进行了回顾性分析。结果2005-2008年,湖南省通过中国疾病预防控制系统共报告24起甲肝暴发疫情,各年间甲肝罹患率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),经水传播占50%,日常生活接触传播占有一定比例(33.3%),疫情全部发生在学校,人群以中学生为主。结论湖南省甲肝暴发疫情流行强度大,以经水传播为主。采取以免疫预防为主的综合性防制策略,控制甲肝暴发疫情发生是今后甲肝防制工作的主要任务。

Objective To get the message about epidemic situation and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A outbreaks in Hunan Province, and to explore the epidemic regularity and prevention and control measures. Method The information of 24 outbreaks with hepatitis A from 2005 to 2008 was retrospectively analyzed by the method of descriptive epi- demiology. Results Totally 24 hepatitis A outbreaks were reported by China information system for diseases control and prevention in Hunan Province. The incidence rates of hepatitis A had statistically significant differences among these years （P 〈0.05）. Most of the cases were got through water- borne transmission （.50 % ）, followed by indirect contact transmission （33.3 % ）. All of the outbreaks took place in schools, and the major victims were middle school students. Conclusions The outbreaks of hepatitis A in Hunan Province are widely prevalent, and the main transmission route is water- borne. Based on a comprehensive immune - prevention - centered strategy, it is the main commission in the future to minimize potential hepatitis A outbreaks in Hunan Province.