368例药疹患者临床分析

Clinical Analysis of 368 Patients with Drug Eruptions

目的分析368例药疹患者的药疹致敏药物种类、临床表现。以利于临床医生在选择药物时合理规范用药。方法对368例药疹患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果有近20种类致敏药物,排在前5位的分别为抗生素类64.13%、解热镇痛类22.83%、抗痛风药2.72%、中药及中成药2.72%、血清制剂2.45%。引起重症药疹的药物主要为抗痛风药、抗癫痫药。药疹发生类型为麻疹样或猩红热样型39.95%、荨麻疹型44.84%、多形红斑型5.16%、湿疹型2.45%、固定型药疹2.17%。结论青霉素类药及"抗感冒药"是药疹主要的致敏药物。药疹最多发者为荨麻疹型和麻疹样或猩红热样型,其次为多形红斑型、固定型、湿疹型药疹。

Objective To analyze the allergen drugs and clinical performance of 368 patients with drug eruptions, and to facilitate clinicians with a more rational choice of drugs. Method The data of 368 patients with drug eruptions were ana- lyzed retrospectively. Results There were nearly 20 categories of allergens drugs, the top five of them were antibiotics （64.13 % ）, antipyretic analgesics （22.83 % ）, anti - gout drugs （2.72 % ）, Chinese medicine and proprietary Chinese medi- cine （2.72 % ）, and serum preparations （2.45 % ）. Severe drug eruptions were mainly caused by anti - gout drugs and antiep- ileptic drugs. The types of drug eruptions occurred as follows： measles or scarlet fever- like type （39.95 % ）, urticaria type （44.84 % ）, erythema multiforme type （5.16 % ）, eczema type （2.45 % ）, and fixed drug eruption （2.17 % ）. Conclusions Penicillins and Sikang drugs are the major allergenic drugs causing drug eruptions. The most common types of drug erup- tions are urticaria type, measles or scarlet fever- like type, followed by erythema multiforme type, fixed type, and eczema drug eruption.