无限理性还是有限理性？--齐当别抉择模型在经济行为中的应用

Bounded or Unbounded Rationality? The Implication of Equate-to-differentiate Theory in Economic Behavior

长期以来以期望价值为核心的主流决策理论秉承无限理性的基本假设。有别于传统"最大化"规则模型,齐当别抉择模型遵循有限理性假设,对主流决策理论提出一系列挑战。文章以实例介绍了齐当别抉择模型对不同领域决策问题的解释,如一般性违背决策公理或原则现象(独立性原则、不变性原则、偏爱反转)、博弈问题、消费者的非理性行为及时间折扣问题。文章并从决策的双系统理论及与其他有限理性决策模型比较的角度,对齐当别模型的发展进行了展望,冀为风险决策提供更好的预测和解释模型。

The mainstream decision-making models, which follow the maximization rule, are based on the unbounded rationality hypothesis. The Equate-to-Differentiate （EtD） theory challenges these dominating models by proposing a bounded rationality approach. In this article, we illustrate the main interpretations of EtD to decision making problems across different research arenas （e.g. behavioral paradoxes or anomalies, cooperation in PD games, irrational consumer behaviors, and intertemporal choices）. EtD is discussed and compared with other bounded rationality models （such as priority heuristic） under the frame work of dual-process theory. To make the EtD toward a better model in predicting and explaining behavior, we point out and discuss the limitations and further extensions of this model.