城市垃圾填埋场甲烷资源量与利用前景

Resources quantity and utilization prospect of methane in municipal solid waste landfills

垃圾填埋气的主要成分为CH4、CO2等气体,可严重污染大气、地下水和生态环境,并对全球气候变暖产生一定的影响;同时填埋气也是一种清洁可再生能源和资源,回收和利用垃圾填埋气可实现环境、安全、能源、资源、经济多重效益。目前,垃圾填埋气的利用主要为甲烷利用。本文介绍了填埋气中甲烷资源量的计算方法,采用一阶动力模型对国内城市垃圾填埋气中的甲烷排放量进行了计算和预测,获得了城市生活垃圾填埋气中甲烷的资源量的范围,并分析了国内垃圾填埋气排放的特点和趋势以及国内外对填埋气利用的途径、方法及效果。结合清洁发展机制(CDM)项目和国情分析了垃圾填埋气的利用前景,并提出了填埋气回收利用的主要问题和建议,为国内城市生活垃圾填埋气的利用提供了有益参考。

Classical sanitary landfills release large amounts of hazardous and deleterious chemicals to nearby groundwater and air via landfill leachate and landfill gas （LFG）. LFG which generated by municipal solid waste （MSW） in landfills brings much trouble to environmental pollution problem. LFG contains important greenhouse gases, such as methane （CH4）, carbon dioxide （CO2）; and LFG is a main environmental pollutant; landfill gas is also a clean renewable resource and energy; recovering and utilizing LFG can bring economics, environment safety, energy, and resources benefits. The utilization of LFG is concerned on the utilization of methane in LFG; then the calculation method of methane emission from landfills is introduced and interpreted briefly. The methane emission of China from landfills is calculated by first order decay method; the range of methane resources quantity in landfill gas is obtained. Based on clean development mechanism and the actual LFG utilization situation in China, utilization methods to address the emission of landfill gas are analyzed; the situation and the problem faced by LFG utilization in China are analyzed; and the advices and results are given. Those results and advices may be helpful to the recovery and utilization of landfill gas.