棉花种子成熟和后熟过程中活力变化规律研究

Study on V igor Changes Rule DuringMaturation and After-maturation Process of Cotton Seeds

种子活力低是影响棉花苗全苗壮进而影响产量的主要因素。采收吐絮前(刚裂口)和吐絮后(完全吐絮)的棉种进行自然干燥脱水,于不同时期进行发芽试验并测其含水量,旨在探讨棉花种子成熟和后熟过程中发芽力和活力形成变化规律以及干燥脱水、收获时期的影响。结果表明,棉桃吐絮前的棉花种子由于未经脱水后熟基本无发芽能力,吐絮后随着水分的降低,发芽力和活力迅速形成,至水分降至12%左右达到最高,再继续干燥,则由于硬实的形成使发芽和活力指标降低。脱水后熟过程中,吐絮前采收的种子发芽力和活力均显著低于吐絮后采收的,抗高温老化能力也是吐絮前采收的种子明显低于吐絮后种子。由此认为,只要条件允许,棉花种子应尽可能充分成熟收获,且采收后尽快使其充分脱水完成后熟,以形成高发芽力和活力。

The seed vigor low is a main factor that affects cotton seedling yield of the healthy and yield. This study with just split open bolls and open bolls seeds as study materials, through naturally dry dehydration, carried germination experiment and test its water content in different periods, to explore cotton seed germination ability and vigor change rule during maturation and after-maturation process and the influence of dry dehydration, harvest period. Results showed that cotton seed before open bolls without germination ability because with- out dewatering after-maturation, after open bolls, water content decreased, and germination ability and vigor rapid development, and moisture to around 12% reached the highest,continue to dry,fruits changed hard and germination ability and vigor index decreased. In dehydration after-maturation process, germination ability and resistance for high temperature of open bolls before were below than that of open bolls. Thus, if the conditions permit,the cotton seed should be harvested as fully as possible, and dehydration as soon as possible after har-vest to fully maturate and with high germination ability and vigor.