滑坡地质灾害远程监测预报系统及其工程应用

REAL-TIME REMOTE MONITORING AND FORECASTING SYSTEM FOR GEOLOGICAL DISASTERS OF LANDSLIDES AND ITS ENGINEERING APPLICATION

露天矿边坡稳定性监控预报技术研究,对滑坡地质灾害防控具有重要意义。以滑体、滑床和监控锚索相互作用力学原理为理论基础,提出滑体和滑床相对运动状态的力学监测原理,把多因素监测变为单一滑动力力学量监测,给出滑动力与监控预紧力的关系。通过滑坡物理模型试验得出,在滑坡发生前,边坡岩体内应力会连续发生变化,当滑动力大于抗滑力后,边坡岩体会发生变形和滑动,且捕捉边坡岩体内应力的变化优于对岩体位移的监测。基于上述原理和试验结果,开发了滑坡地质灾害远程监测预报系统,实现摄动力动态变化的远程实时监测。提出4种监测预警模型,通过对露天矿山边坡等的现场实践应用,该监控新技术成功地进行边坡稳态实时监控和预测预报。

It is meaningful for researching on monitoring and forecasting technology of slope stability in open pit mine to prevent landslide geological disasters. Based on the mechanical principle of interaction among landslide body, landslide bed and monitoring anchor cable of slope, the mechanical principle of relative movement between landslide body and landslide bed is proposed; and the multi-factor monitoring is transformed into single landslide mechanical monitoring. The relationship between sliding force of slope and pretightening force is provided. According to the physical model experiment of landslide, the stress will change continually inside the landslide mass before the occurrence of landslide. When the sliding force is greater than the anti-sliding force, the deformation and landslide will take place, which means the change of stress will be ahead of displacement. Consequently, monitoring the alteration of stress in the sliding mass is better than that of the displacement. Based on above principle and experiment, the system of real-time remote monitoring and forecasting for geological disasters of landslide is developed, which can realize the real-time remote monitoring of perturbation. Four types of forecasting models corresponding to the system of remote monitoring are also presented. According to the field application to opencast mines slope, this new technology successfully implements monitoring and forecasting for stable condition of slopes.