海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林区26年的热量因子变化特征

Change characteristics of thermal factors in tropical mountain rainforest area of Jianfengling,Hainan Island in 1980-2005

尖峰岭热带山地雨林作为中国典型的热带森林生态系统,其长期的气候动态状况对研究全球变化具有重要的意义。本文采用海南尖峰岭森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站天池气象站1980—2005年的地面常规气象观测资料,分析了尖峰岭热带山地雨林区热因子的变化趋势。结果表明:26年来,林区热因子(平均气温、平均地温、平均最高/最低气温、平均最高/最低地温、极端最高/最低气温、极端最高/最低地温、地气温差、年积温)均呈上升趋势,其中平均气温、平均地温、地气温差、平均最低气温和极端最高/最低地温升高趋势明显,每10年分别增加0.32℃、0.59℃、0.27℃、0.39℃、2.03℃、1.62℃,最低温度的升高趋势都大于最高温度的增长速率,说明尖峰岭热带山地雨林区气候变暖来自于最低温度升高的贡献。

The tropical mountain rainforest in Jianfengling of Hainan Island is one of the typical tropical forest ecosystems in China. To study the long term climatic dynamics in this forest area is significance in global change research. By using the meteorological data from the National Research Station of Tropical Forest Ecosystem in Jianfengling, this paper analyzed the variation tendency of the thermal factors in the tropical mountain rainforest area of Jianfengling in 1980-2005. In this period of time, the mean annual air/ground temperature, mean annual maximum and minimum air/ground temperature, extreme maximum and minimum air/ground temperature,difference between ground- and air temperature, and annual accumulated temperature in the area all had an increasing trend, and the increase of mean annual air temperature, mean annual ground temperature, difference between ground- and air temperature, mean annual minimum air temperature, extreme maximum ground temperature, and extreme minimum ground temperature was more obvious, being 0. 32 ℃, 0.59 ℃, 0.27 ℃, 0.39 ℃, 2.03 ℃, 1.62 ℃ per 10 years, respectively. The increase of minimum temperature was higher than the increasing rate of maximum temperature, illustrating that the main contributor of climate warming in Jianfengling tropical mountain rainforest area was the increasing minimum temperature.