Adult neural stem cells in the mammalian central nervous system

神经干细胞(NSC ) 不仅在胚胎的发展期间而且在所有哺乳动物的种类的成年大脑是在场的，包括人。在 vivo 的干细胞壁龛建筑学使成年 NSC 能连续地在整个生活在特定的大脑区域产生功能的神经原。成年神经发生过程服从于动态规定由各种各样生理，病理学并且药理学刺激。Multipotent 成年 NSC 也看起来内在地塑料，对基因编程顺从在正常区别期间，并且到 epigenetic reprograming 在进 pluripotency 的 de 区别期间。增加的证据建议成年 NSC 显著地在生理、病理学的条件下面贡献专业化神经功能。充分理解成年 NSC 的生物学将提供关键卓见进病原学和主要大脑混乱的潜在的治疗学的干预。这里，我们在哺乳动物的中央神经系统的成年 NSC 上考察最近的进步，包括他们在癌症和再生药的身份，壁龛，功能，粘性，和新兴的角色上的话题。

Neural stem cells （NSCs） are present not only during the embryonic development but also in the adult brain of all mammalian species, including humans. Stem cell niche architecture in vivo enables adult NSCs to continuously generate functional neurons in specific brain regions throughout life. The adult neurogenesis process is subject to dynamic regulation by various physiological, pathological and pharmacological stimuli. Multipotent adult NSCs also appear to be intrinsically plastic, amenable to genetic programing during normal differentiation, and to epigenetic reprograming during de-differentiation into pluripotency. Increasing evidence suggests that adult NSCs significantly contribute to specialized neural functions under physiological and pathological conditions. Fully understanding the biology of adult NSCs will provide crucial insights into both the etiology and potential therapeutic interventions of major brain disorders. Here, we review recent progress on adult NSCs of the mammalian central nervous system, including topics on their identity, niche, function, plasticity, and emerging roles in cancer and regenerative medicine.