颅脑损伤患者肠内营养腹泻的相关因素分析及护理干预

目的了解颅脑损伤患者肠内营养使用过程中发生腹泻的相关因素及提出相应的护理对策。方法回顾性分析160例在本科室接受肠内营养患者的临床资料,找出肠内营养患者腹泻的相关因素,并提出相应干预措施。结果160例行肠内营养的患者并发腹泻68例(42.5%)。肠内营养患者腹泻的主要相关因素为:输注肠内营养液的量、速度;患者是否存在低蛋白血症和大量使用广谱抗生素。结论调节输注肠内营养液速度,逐渐加量,严格执行无菌操作,及时纠正低蛋白血症,合理应用广谱抗生素等可降低颅脑损伤患者肠内营养腹泻的发生率。

Objective To discuss the main causes of diarrhea during the processing of enteral nutrition （EN） in cerebral injured patients, and to put forward the relative nursing measures. Method One hundred and sixty cerebral injured patients who received EN were retrospectively analyzed, relative diarrhea factors were worked out, and nursing measures were provided. Results Diarrhea occurred in 68 patients （42.5%）. The chief factors of diarrhea were related with the following three aspects： speed and quantity of EN; broad-spectrum antibiotic and hypoproteinemia. Conclusion The rate of diarrhea in cerebral injured patients can be greatly reduced by adjusting speed, gradually raising quantity, carrying out strict aseptic technique, correcting hypoproteinemia in time and reasonably applying broad-spectrum antibiotics.