扁蚜亚科昆虫虫瘿多样性研究(半翅目,蚜科)

A STUDY ON DIVERSITY OF APHID'S GALLS OF HORMAPHIDINAE

虫瘿是蚜虫诱导植物异速生长的结果,虫瘿作为蚜虫重要的延伸特征,对蚜虫系统分类、系统发育关系、以及起源演化等研究具有非常重要的作用。而且虫瘿的形态结构、着生部位等在蚜虫的物种间存在非常丰富的多样性,是蚜虫重要的生物学特征,也是物种鉴定的重要依据之一。本文在已有标本采集记录和资料的基础上,从结瘿的植物、虫瘿着生部位、形态结构及类型等4个方面对扁蚜亚科虫瘿的多样性进行了系统研究。结果表明该亚科蚜虫大多都在原生寄主上形成虫瘿,个别属及种可在次生寄主上成瘿;虫瘿在类型上有虫瘿和伪虫瘿之别;在着生部位上,有叶片、叶脉、叶柄、小枝、粗枝等;虫瘿的形状也十分多样,有管状、袋状、球状、半球形、刺球状、纺锤形、圆锥形、分支状、香蕉束状等;在结构上既有单室、多室之分,也有开放型、封闭型之别。对于虫瘿多样性的研究,可为虫瘿演化规律的探讨提供重要信息,也是基于虫瘿进行物种鉴定的重要基础。

Galls are the restflts of plants＇ allometric growth which is induced by aphids. As important extended phenotypes of aphids, galls play a significant role in studying on the systematic classification,phylogenetic relationship, origin and evolution of aphids. The shape, structure and location of galls are so various in different aphid species that galls are regarded as a kind of important biological characteristics of aphids and one of the important features for species identification. This paper studies on the diversity of galls of Hormaphidinae in four aspects： host plant, gall type, gall location and gall shape and structure. The results suggest that galls of Hormaphidinae show great diversity. GaU-forming aphids commonly induce galls on their primary hosts, whereas a few species can also induce galls on their secondary hosts. In the type, galls can be divided into gall and pseudo- gall. In the position on host plants, galls may locate on leaf, vein, petiole, twig, and thick twig etc. The shape of galls is various, such as tubtflar, bag-like, spherical, semi-spherical, spiny, conical, banana-bundle-shaped and so on. To the structure, there are single-cavity and multiple-cavity galls. In a word, the study on diversity can provide valuable information for researching evolution rule of galls and is also the foundation of species identification based on galls.