清代宗族的兴学助学及其历史意义

The Lineage-sponsored Education in the Qing Dynasty

宗族为维护和提高其社会地位,创造条件设立祠塾兴学,明定学规,期望众多人才的出现。依赖学田和其他公产的专门拨款,宗族采取多种形式助学。宗族兴学助学富有历史意义,对其自身是强化建设,形成培养人才的机制,从而有持续性和活力。对社会产生多方面影响:族学成为一种办学方式,系续前代宗族事业;促进地方文化教育的发展;传承、发扬前人助学传统,泽及后世。

In order to maintain and improve their social status, Qing lineages helped to establish many lineage schools. They stipulated school rides and expected that the schools could generate more talent for the lineages. Depending either on endowment school land or on education funds from other public revenues, the lineages assisted education in many ways. The historical significance of the lineage schools could be felt on the following aspects： （1） lineage schools was the continuation and realization of the traditional idea of charitable education; （2） through promoting more talent lineage schools helped the lineages and local culture to keep vigorous; （3） lineage schools eventually became an important means of schooling and part of the local education in the Qing Dynasty.