多穗型高产小麦品种产量结构特征与灌浆期光合性能的优势分析

Advantage analysis of structural characteristics of yield and photosynthetic performance during grain filling stage of multi-spike and high yielding types of wheat varieties

以多穗型小麦品种济麦20、豫麦49和郑麦004为材料,在大田栽培条件下研究了实现高产的产量结构特征及其灌浆期的光合性能.结果表明,在群体穗数均大于700×104.hm-2的基础上,3个品种实现高产各具优势,济麦20具有穗数优势、豫麦49具有粒重优势、郑麦004具有粒数优势且产量表现最高(P<0.01).3个品种灌浆期的光合性能表现为,郑麦004旗叶中叶绿素a,b含量明显高于其它品种,后期叶片保绿性好,尤其花后20d以后,净光合速率、叶面积指数、光合势平均分别较其它品种高出18.0%,12.4%和18.4%,且具有较高的子粒灌浆速率.由此可见,在满足较多穗数的基础上,增加穗粒数,并维持灌浆后期的光合性能,是进一步高产的重要保证.

Research was conducted on the structural characteristics of yield and photosynthetic performance during grain filling stage of the multi-spike types of wheat varieties Jimai 20, Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 004 under field experiment conditions. The results indicated that the three varieties all had their own advantages to reach high yielding on condition that their crops were all more than 700 × 10^4 per hectare,the tiller number of Jimai 20, the grain weight of Yumai 49, the panicle number of Zhengmai 004 were all better than that of the other two varieties, and the yield of Zhengmai 004 was significantly higher than that of the other two varieties （P 〈 0.01 ）. The photosynthetic performance of the three varieties showed that the chlorophyll a, b content of flag leaf of Zhengmai 004 was significantly higher than that of the other two varieties and it also had a good performance of protecting green in the latter of grain filling stage. In particular, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf during grain filling stage,leaf area index, leaf area duration of Zhengmai 004 were 18.0% , 12.4% , 18.4% higher than that of the other two varieties 20 days after anthesis, and it had higher grain filling rate which showed that it was a guarantee of further high yield to maintain the photosynthetic performance in the latter part of grain filling and to increase the panical number on the basis of high tiller number.