豫西山地主要森林植被类型的近地表层水文特征

Near-surface layer hydrological properties of main vegetation types in mountainous areas in West Henan Province

以登封市山地为研究对象，对豫西山地的侧柏麻栎混交林（Ⅰ）、侧柏纯林（Ⅱ）、阔杂林（Ⅲ）、刺槐纯林（Ⅳ）、黄荆灌丛（Ⅴ）5种森林植被类型的近地表土壤（0～20cm）和枯落物层的水文特征进行了研究．结果表明：（1）5种植被类型的土壤容重为0．965～1．402g·cm^-3；土壤总孔隙度在40．7％～69．1％之间．除刺槐纯林外，其它4种植被类型0—10cm层土壤的毛管孔隙度均小于10～20cm层．5种植被类型0～10cm层土壤的非毛管孔隙度均大于10～20cm层：各种植被类型的0-10和10—20cm层土壤初渗速率和土壤最终渗透率变化规律基本一致，其大小顺序为阔杂林〉刺槐纯林〉黄荆灌丛〉侧柏纯林〉侧柏麻栎混交林；不同植被类型土壤持水性能差异较大，土壤饱和持水量由大到小的顺序为刺槐纯林〉阔杂林〉黄荆灌丛〉侧柏纯林〉侧柏麻栎混交林．（2）5种植被类型枯落物蓄积量在8．13～19．76t·hm^-2之间，其大小顺序为侧柏麻栎混交林〉刺槐纯林〉侧柏纯林〉黄荆灌丛〉阔杂林；侧柏栎树混交林的枯落物最大持水量为最高，达45．59t·hm^-2，侧柏纯林的最低，为17．24t·hm^-2．（3）以0～20cm土壤饱和持水量和枯落物的最大持水量，得到近地表层总持水能力，以综合评价森林植被近地表的水文效应．刺槐纯林近地表总持水能力最高（1450．93t·hm^-2）；其次是阔杂林和黄荆灌丛；最低的是侧柏麻栎混交林（880．59t·hm^-2）．

Base on the survey of community plots and laboratory analysis, we studied the hydrological properties of near-surface soil and the litter fall in five vegetation types including Platycladus oriental- Quercus acutissima mixed forest, P. oriental forest, Broad-leaved forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest and Brush of Vitex negundo in Dengfeng City, which could be representative in the west of Henan Province, China. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） soil bulk density and soil total porosity of surface soil of different vegetation types ranged from 0. 965 - 1. 402 g · cm^-1 and 40.7% - 69.1% , respectively. Except R. pseudoacacia forest, soil capillary porosity of 0 - 10 cm layer was lower than that of 10 - 20 cm layer in the other vegetation types. The soil non-capillary porosity of 0 - 10 cm layer was larger than that of 10 -20 cm layer in 5 vegetation types. Soil primary infiltration rate and final infiltration rate of 0 - 10 cm and 10 -20 cm layer in 5 vegetation types had a similar difference trend, and the order ranked as： Broad-leaved forest, R. pseudoacacia forest, Brush of V. negundo, P. oriental forest and P. oriental - Q. acutissima mixed forest. The near-surface soil water-holding capacities among various vegetation types were different significantly, and ranked as the following order： R. pseudoacacia forest, Broad-leaved forest, Brush of V. negundo, P. oriental forest and P. oriental-Q, acutissima mixed forest; （2）Litter reserves of 5 vegetation types ranged from 8.13 -19.76 t·hm^-2, and the order ranked as： P. oriental-Q, acutissima mixed forest, R. pseudoacacia forest, P. oriental forest, Brush of V. negundo and Broad-leaved forest. Full water capacity of litter was highest in P. oriental - Q. acutissima mixed forest （45.59 t ·hm^-2） , and lowest in R. pseudoacacia forest （17.24 t ·hm^-2） ; （3） By using the indexes of Soil saturation moisture capacity of 0 - 20 cm layer and the full water capacity of litter, we could obtain near-surface layer full water-holding capacity, which could expect to be used as a synthetical evaluation index of near-surface hydrological properties of forest communities, near-surface full water-holding capacity was highest in R. pseudoacacia forest （1 450.93 t ·hm^-2） , and lowest in P. oriental- Q. acutissima mixed forest（880.59 t ·hm^-2）.